Half-shell stability states that chromium is more stable if all five orbitals have an electron, rather than having an empty orbital therefore, an electron from the orbital will be moved to the empty orbital to fulfill half-shell stability. This means that chromium has two electrons in the orbital, one electron in four orbitals, and an empty orbital. The electron configuration of chromium, conventionally, would be. This is best exemplified by the transition metal chromium. Half-shell stability states that an element is more stable when all the orbitals are half filled. This occurs because of a phenomenon called half-shell stability. Recall that transition metals usually have two electrons in its orbital however, some transition metals lose one of the electrons from their orbital and move it to one of their orbital. The question states that the element is a transition element and it only has one electron in its orbital. The highest energy orbital will gain electron last and the outermost orbital will lose electron first. Gaining electrons is dependent on the energy of the orbital, and losing electrons is dependent on the location of the orbital. Notice that the orbital that gains electron last is not the same orbital that loses electrons first. This means that electrons will be lost from the orbital before the orbital. In cobalt, the outermost orbital is the orbital (because it has the highest shell number). This occurs because the attractive force of the nucleus on the electron will be weakest in the outermost orbital (because it is farthest away from nucleus) therefore, it will be easy to pull the electron away from the nucleus. When an element loses electrons, the first orbital that loses electrons is the outermost orbital. When you are assigning electrons to each orbital you assign two electrons to the orbital and then the remaining seven electrons to the five orbitals therefore, orbitals are filled last when gaining electrons. This means that when you are filling electrons, the last orbital you fill is the orbital. A orbital has a lower energy than a orbital. Recall that electrons are filled from orbitals of low energy to high energy. The last orbitals that gain or lose electrons must be either the or orbitals, since these are the orbitals with highest energy and located farthest from the nucleus. A ground state cobalt atom has an electron configuration of. Cobalt is a transition metal therefore, it is found in the D block of the periodic table.
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